What is the History of Digital Marketing? Digital marketing refers to using digital channels such as search engines, social media channels, mobile applications, emails and websites in conjunction with traditional forms like television and radio broadcasting to market products or services. Digital marketing is different from traditional forms because it allows businesses to interact with customers directly, monitor customer trends, and remain relevant and exciting in the eyes and ears of customers.
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Scientists began exploring ways to link computers across long distances when they were still large machines with many vacuum tubes. Leonard Kleinrock linked a UCLA computer with a Stanford computer using packet switching. Data was broken down into smaller pieces and sent across multiple channels, before being reassembled at the destination.
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn created an early form of TCP/IP on ARPANET that became the basis for modern Internet. ARPANET switched to this system officially on January 1, 1983, marking the official introduction of modern Internet.
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In the decades that followed, the Internet thrived as its commercialization allowed more people to afford the hardware required to access it. This led to a period of rapid growth, which saw the creation of websites, email and increased cybersociability. Sadly, 1997 saw the first speculative boom and subsequent collapse. However, this did not stop enthusiasm or growth of the Internet.
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Archie was the original search engine introduced to public FTP servers back in 1990. Archie, although not as sophisticated as modern online marketing techniques, laid the foundation for them.
Bajan Alan Emtage, the creator of Archie, was a student at McGill University in Canada. He was soon responsible for the half of Eastern Canada's Internet usage while working as a systems administrator on their computer networks.
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As it ate up too much bandwidth, he initially kept his program under wraps at McGill but word quickly spread via Usenet and became an invaluable tool for finding free or public domain information.
Emtage chose not to patent his software because he did not want "big oil or big pharma" to absorb the search engine industry. This decision was extremely influential and remains important today in the history of digital marketing. Many techniques that he introduced through Archie are still employed today by search engines such as Google.
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HotWired Magazine of Wired Magazine developed the first clickable ads in 1993 as part of a digital publishing experiment to generate revenue by selling space on their website to advertisers. This was similar to how a print magazine would sell advertisements to generate income.
Digital marketing was still a new concept, and marketers were unsure of how to begin. Internet usage was not widespread at the time, so experts were unsure how to implement digital strategies in their businesses.
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At this time, a service called DoubleClick emerged that allowed companies to measure the return on investment (ROI) for banner ad campaigns while making real-time modifications on an active campaign.
The dot-com boom began in the early 1990s when many websites started to appear. Many of these businesses failed because they received funding, but were unable to turn it into profit growth. Google and Yahoo were able to survive this phase, as digital marketing continued to develop.
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In 1982, the Boston Computer Exchange became the inaugural eCommerce website. This site, which operated over a dial-up bulletin board system allowed individuals to buy or sell computers online.
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In the 1990s, commercial Internet use saw rapid advancement. The Archie search engine indexes FTP sites. Computer storage capacity has also increased to the point that companies now use databases instead of list brokers. This spurred on ecommerce.
Amazon launched as an online bookshop in 1995 and quickly became one of the most popular retail websites in the world. PayPal made it easier for customers to conduct transactions in this year. YouTube revolutionised marketing.
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In the 1990s, digital marketing as we know it today was born with the development of Archie and clickable web banner ads.
Alan Emtage initially developed Archie with an emphasis on indexing FTP sites using a data gatherer script-based data collector to search through folders and files across anonymous FTP servers for specific information. Later it was joined by Veronica for Gopher servers and Jughead as file-based search engines.
In the early 1990s, computer storage capacity increased dramatically and companies began to switch from list brokers to database marketing. Infoseek was one of the first companies to offer search results that were ranked according to relevance.
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In 1997, Ask Jeeves launched its question-and answer feature with its iconic Jeeves The Butler logo. It was an innovative search engine that used natural language rather than keywords. Other search engines like Yahoo, Google, and Excite adopted this approach.
